Daniel, I've been to quite a few exhibition here in the UK, France, Belgium, Holland and Germany itself, and seen the work of a great many German photographers.
While photography there is quite diverse there is a kind of German School of Photographers heavily influenced by the Bechers.
Here's a link that will give you a start.
German Photography
Here's a few important names:
Bernd Becher & Hilla Becher
Thomas Ruff
Thomas Struth
Andreas Gursky
Ian