Yes, distance to subject sets up the angular relationships to the camera.
So, if the distance to the subject is the same, say 6', and the subject is printed the same size in separate prints, then both prints should have the same perspective.
The print sizes would be radically different if un-cropped.
If both prints were viewed from 6' then they both would look "normal". If viewed from 3' they both would exhibit "flattening". Viewed from 12' both would bulge in the middle. (Albeit, the small print from the long lens wouldn't normally be viewed at that distance.)

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